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Obstructions: Any restriction
or foreign object that reduces or modifies the cross section of the pipe to
the extent that gas flow is affected or in-line inspection pigs can become stuck
(ovality, collapse, dents, undersized valves, wrinkles, bends, weld drop through).
Also any foreign object in the pipeline. (See pipe collapse)
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Off-Line Inspection: Inspection
of a pipeline section that is removed from service.
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Off-Line Monitoring: Refers
to monitoring methods in which a sample is taken for subsequent analysis.
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Oldfield & Todd analysis:
Equation for determining the oxygen corrosion for carbon steel in seawater.
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On-Line Inspection: Inspection
of a pipeline section while it is in service.
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On-Line Monitoring: Refers
to installation of monitoring equipment for continuous measurement of metal
loss, corrosion rate, or other parameters in an operating system. Data are obtained
without the removing the monitoring device.
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Ovality: A condition in
which a circular pipe forms into an ellipse, usually as the result of external
forces.
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